I. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

Chemical Trade Name (as used on label): Lead-Acid Battery Chemical Family/Classification: Electric Storage Battery

24-Hour

Emergency Response Contact: CHEMTREC DOMESTIC: 800-424-9300 CHEMTREC INT'L: 703-527-3877

II. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS/IDENTIFY INFORMATION

Air Exposure Limits (ug/m 3)

Components

CAS Number

Approximate % by Wt. Or Vol.

OSHA

ACGIH

NIOSH

Inorganic Lead Compound:

Lead

* Antimony

* Arsenic

* Calcium

* Tin

7439-92-1

7440-36-0

7440-38-2

7440-70-2

7440-31-5

60

 2

 0.2

 0.2

 0.2

50

 500

 10

--

 2000

150

 500

200

--

 2000

100

--

--

--

--

Electrolyte (Sulfuric Acid)

7664-93-9

10-30

1000

1000

1000

Case Material:

Polypropylene

Polystyrene

Styrene Acrylonitrile

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene

Styrene Butadiene

Polyvinylchloride Polycarbonate,

Hard Rubber,

Polyethylene

9003-07-0

9003-53-6

9003-54-7

9003-56-9

9003-55-8

9002-86-2

5-10

N/A

N/A

N/A

Other: Silicon Dioxide (Gel batteries only) Sheet Molding Compound (Glass reinforced polyester)

7631-86-9

20-40

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

III. PHYSICAL DATA

Electrolyte:

Boiling Point:

203 -240° F

Specific Gravity (H2O = 1):

1.215 to 1.350

Melting Point:

N/A

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg):

10

Solubility in Water:

100%

Vapor Density (AIR = 1):

Greater than 1

Evaporation Rate: (Butyl Acetate = 1)

Less than 1

% Volatile by Weight:

N/A

Appearance and Odor:

Manufactured article; no apparent odor. Electrolyte is a clear liquid with a sharp, penetrating, pungent odor.

IV. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA

Flash Point: N/A

Flammable Limits: LEL = 4.1% (Hydrogen Gas) UEL = 74.2%

Extiguishing Media: CO2; foam; dry chemical

Special Fire Fighting Procedures: If batteries are on charge, shut off power. Use positive pressure, self-contained breathing apparatus. Water applied to electrolyte generates heat and causes it to spatter. Wear acid-resistant clothing.

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: Highly flammable hydrogen gas is generated during charging and operation of batteries. To avoid risk of fire or explosion, keep sparks or other sources of ignition away from batteries. Do not allow metallic materials to simultaneously contact negative and positive terminals of cells and batteries. Follow manufacturer's instructions for installation and service.

V. REACTIVITY DATA

Stability: Stable

Conditions To Avoid: Prolonged overcharge; sources of ignition

Incompatibility: (Materials to avoid) Sulfuric Acid: Contact with combustibles and organic materials may cause fire and explosion. Also reacts violently with strong reducing agents, metals, sulfur trioxide gas, strong oxidizers and water. Contact with metals may produce toxic sulfur dioxide fumes and may release flammable hydrogen gas. Lead Compounds: Avoid contact with strong acids, bases, halides, halogenates, potassium nitrate, permanganate, peroxides, nascent hydrogen and reducing agents.

Hazardous Decomposition Products: Sulfuric Acid: Sulfur trioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfuric acid mist, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen.

Lead Compounds: High temperatures likely to produce toxic metal fume, vapor, or dust; contact with strong acid or base or presence of nascent hydrogen may generate highly toxic arsine gas.

VI. HEALTH HAZARD DATA

Routes of Entry: Sulfuric Acid: Harmful by all routes of entry. Lead Compounds: Hazardous exposure can occur only when product is heated, oxidized or otherwise processed or damaged to create dust, vapor or fume.

Inhalation: Sulfuric Acid: Breathing of sulfuric acid vapors or mists may cause severe respiratory irritation. Lead Compounds: Inhalation of lead dust or fumes may cause irritation of upper respiratory tract and lungs.

Ingestion: Sulfuric Acid: May cause severe irritation of mouth, throat, esophagus and stomach. Lead Compounds: Acute ingestion may cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and severe cramping. This may lead rapidly to systemic toxicity and must be treated by a physician.

Skin Contact: Sulfuric Acid: Severe irritation, burns and ulceration. Lead Compounds: Not absorbed through the skin.

Eye Contact: Sulfuric Acid: Severe irritation , burns, cornea damage, and blindness. Lead Components: May cause eye irritation.

Effects of Overexposure -Acute: Sulfuric Acid: Severe skin irritation, damage to cornea, upper respiratory irritation. Lead Compounds: Symptoms of toxicity include headache, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetitie, muscular aches and weakness, sleep disturbances and irritability.

Effects of Overexposure -Chronic: Sulfuric Acid: Possible erosion of tooth enamel, inflammation of nose, throat and bronchial tubes. Lead Compounds: Anemia; neuropathy, particularly of the motor nerves, with wrist drop; kidney damage; reproductive changes in males and females.

Carcinogenicity: Sulfuric Acid: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified "strong inorganic acid mist containing sulfuric acid" as a Category I carcinogen, a substance that is carcinogenic to humans. This classification does not apply to liquid forms of sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid solutions contained within a battery. Inorganic acid mist (sulfuric acid mist) is not generated under normal use of this product. Misuse of the product, such as overcharging, may result in the generation of sulfuric acid mist. Lead Compounds: Lead is listed as a 2B carcinogen, likely in animals at extreme doses. Proof of carcinogenicity in humans is lacking at present. Arsenic: Listed by National Toxicology Program (NTP), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), OSHA and NIOSH as a carcinogen only after prolonged exposure at high levels.

Medical Conidtions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: Overexposure to sulfuric acid mist may cause lung damage and aggravate pulmunary conditions. Contact of sulfuric acid with skin may aggravate diseases such as eczema and contact dermatitis. Lead and its compounds can aggravate some forms of kidney, liver and neurologic diseases.

EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES:

Inhalation: Sulfuric Acid: Remove to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Lead: Remove from exposure, gargle, wash nose and lips; consult physician.

Ingestion: Sulfuric Acid: Give large quanitities of water; do not induce vomiting; consult physician. Lead: Consult physician immediately.

Skin: Sulfuric Acid: Flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes; remove contaminated clothing completely, including shoes. Lead: Wash immediately with soap and water.

Eyes: Sulfuric Acid and Lead: Flush immediately with large amounts of water for a least 15 minutes; consult physician.

Proposition 65: Warning: Battery posts, terminals and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Batteries also contain other chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer. Wash hands after handling.

VII. PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE

Spill or Leak Procedures: Stop flow of material, contain/absorb small spills with dry sand, earth, and vermiculite. Do not use combustible materials. If possible, carefully neutralize spilled electrolyte with soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, lime, etc. Wear acid-resistant clothing, boots, gloves, and face shield. Do not allow discharge of unneutralized acid to sewer.

Waste Disposal Methods: Spent batteries: Send to secondary lead smelter for recycling. Place neutralized slurry into sealed containers and handle as applicable with state and federal regulations. Large water-diluted spills, after neutralization and testing, should be managed in accordance with approved local, state and federal requirements. Consult state environmental agency and/or federal EPA.

VII. PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE (Cont.)

Handling and Storage: Store batteries in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas with impervious surfaces and adequate containment in the event of spills. Batteries should also be stored under roof for protection against adverse weather conditions. Separate from incompatible materials. Store and handle only in areas with adequate water supply and spill control. Avoid damage to containers. Keep away from fire, sparks and heat. Precautionary Labeling: POISON -CAUSES SEVERE BURNS DANGER -CONTAINS SULFURIC ACID

VIII. CONTROL MEASURES

Engineering Controls: Store and handle in well-ventilated area. If mechanical ventilation is used, components must be acid-resistant.

Work Practices: Handle batteries cautiously to avoid spills. Make certain vent caps are on securely. Avoid contact with internal components. Wear protective clothing when filling or handling batteries.

Respiratory Protection: None required under normal conditions. When concentrations of sulfuric acid mist are known to exceed the PEL, use NIOSH or MSHA-approved respriatory protection.

Protective Gloves: Rubber or plastic acid-resistant gloves with elbow-length gauntlet.

Eye Protection: Chemical goggles or face shield.

Other Protection: Acid-resistant apron. Under severe exposure emergency conditions, wear acid-resistant clothing and boots.

Emergency Flushing: In areas where sulfuric acid is handled in concentrations greater then 1%, emergency eyewash stations and showers should be provided, with unlimited water supply.

IX. OTHER REGULATORY INFORMATION

NFPA Hazard Rating for Sulfuric Acid: Flammability (Red) = 0 Reactivity (Yellow) = 2 Health (Blue) = 3 Sulfuric acid is water-reactive if concentrated.

U.S. DOT: The transportation of wet and moist charged (moist active) batteries within the continental United States is regulated by the U.S. DOT through the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49 (CFR49). These regulations classify these types of batteries as a hazardous material. Refer to CFR 49, 173.159 for more details pertaining to the transportation of wet and moist batteries. The shipping information is as follows: Proper Shipping Name: Batteries, wet, filled with acid Packing Group: III Hazardous Class: 8 Label/Placard Required: Corrosive UN Indentification: UN2794 Non-spillable batteries are excepted from CFR 49, Subchapter C requirements, provided that the following criteria are met: 1. The batteries must be protected against short circuits and securely packaged. 2. The batteries and their outer packaging must be plainly and durably marked "NON-SPILLABLE" or "NON-SPILLABLE BATTERY". The exception from CFR 49, Subchapter C translates to no proper shipping name, no hazardous class, no UN number, no packing group and no hazardous labels when transporting a non-spillable battery.

IATA: The international transportation of wet and moist charged (moist active) batteries is regulated by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). These regulations also classify these types of batteries as a hazardous material. The batteries must be packed according to IATA Packing Instruction 800. The shipping information is as follows: Proper Shipping Name: Batteries, wet, filled with acid Packing Group: III Hazardous Class: 8 Label/Placard Required: Corrosive UN Indentification: UN2794. Non-spillable batteries must be packed according to IATA Packing Instruction 806. The shipping information for non-spillable batteries is as follows: Proper Shipping Name: Batteries, wet, non-spillable Packing Group: III Hazardous Class: 8 Label/Placard Required: Corrosive UN Identification: UN2800